The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1273 Words

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, reveals how general members of society will do anything to attain or maintain a position of power and status amongst the bourgeoisie while a few will go through great lengths to remain true to their faith; ultimately revealing that the act of trying to achieve a higher position in life, at the cost of others, is a choice. Throughout the story you see characters change their views, opinions, and actions on certain items just to remain in the position that they have achieved. They also do these things to get to a higher position in society. Keeping your position and working for a new one means absolutely everything to this society. They will do anything to get what they want, they do not care what they do or if they hurt anyone. If they want something they will do everything in their power to get there. The public servants in the small town of Salem choose to exploit the citizens in pursuit of their materialistic desire to maintain their position as bourgeoisie. Reverend Paris is a prime example of this type of character in The Crucible. Paris has just come back from Barbados and is trying to do everything he can to earn the respect of people in the town. He is trying his best to achieve this when suddenly his niece and daughter are seen practicing witch-craft. This is major problem for him. Paris says to his niece Abigail, â€Å"Abigail, I have fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me, and now, just now when some goodShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

The Impact of Weak System Security Free Essays

In addition to this, it is not just the organization itself that can feel the brunt of the impact of weak security. Employees whose responsibility it is to ensure that there are no weaknesses an also be hit hard. Generally, it is up to managers to ensure that there are no weaknesses in a systems security; or at least to reduce the risk of negative impact/damage on the company. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Weak System Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now This means that if there is a major weakness is found in the system of an organization, managers could lose their jobs as a result of negligence etc. This then puts the managers in a situation where they are losing money, not just the company. Loss of Customers- Weak system security can also result in the loss of customers as people will not want to use a business that has problems with their security s their personal details or information may be at risk. For example, if a bank has a weakness in its security, and this weakness is exploited by hackers; then customers’ information may be stolen and used to purchase goods under their name. This goes against the organization’s key responsibilities to its customers as they have a responsibility to keep their customers data safe and hidden from unrestricted access. This means that if people’s data is stolen or lost then they will more than likely move to a rival organization where they think that their data will be safer. This will result in the loss of customers from the company and a massive lost in trust; possibly resulting in the loss of jobs as there aren’t enough customers to make a profit for the company. Increased Costs- An increase in costs can also be incurred from the weakness in a systems security. This can be caused as a result Of needing a specialist engineer etc to come in to the company to see where the weakness in the systems security is. This may cost a lot of money as it is; and more money will need to be spent in order to get another specialist to come out and fix the problems that are there. In addition to this, customers may wish to receive mom sort of compensation as payment for the information that the company has lost about them. Or Image- A poor company image can be another nasty effect of weak system security. If a major company has even one or two system weaknesses it can reflect very badly on its image as people will start to lose trust in the overall protection that the company offers to its customers. A poor company image can have a massive impact on the ability for a company to make enough money to actually make a profit on the goods they are making/selling. A poor image may then result in the loss of customers and earnings from the many. It is therefore vital that the company ensures that there are no weaknesses in its security so that their company image stays strong. All of the above impacts can be related to the organizations key responsibilities to their Customers. The Organization has a massive responsibility to ensure that all of their customers’ personal data is kept secure, and that only the people who are authorized to access it are able to and only at the right times. This links in with the data protection act of 1998, as companies must provide suitable means of protecting customers’ data. How to cite The Impact of Weak System Security, Papers

Steve Legal Obligation to Buy Car from Jason-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Advise if the agreement signed by Susan was valid. 2.Advise if Steve was legally bound to buy the car from Jason. 3.Advise if Carl was negligent and whether any defence was available to him. 4.Advise if Betty has any rights under ACL. Answers: 1.Issue To determine the validity of agreement signed between Tom and Susan. Rules The contract being an official agreement can be either written or oral. A contract in order to be valid needs to have specifically six elements: Offer: An offer or a promise is important as if there is no offer made by one party to another there will be no contract. Acceptance: After receiving an offer from one party there should be an acceptance by another. Further, no contract shall be concluded if the parties are still into negotiations or discussing not having accepted the offer (Koffman Macdonald, 2010). Intention to create a legal relation: As per Contract Act, it is important to intent to create legal relations as one of the key requirement as a valid contract. In case of no intention to create legal relations, the contract can be subject to a lawsuit. Consideration: Consideration in a contract is meaning the exchange set between the promisor and promises to make the contract legally valid (Chen-Wishart, 2012). Capacity: the contract must be in a legal capacity to do so i.e., the parties involved in a contract must be major. Certainty: the terms and regulations made in the contract must be certain Expressly not declared void to make it enforceable or considered valid. Applicability of rules As in the current case of Tom and Susan, the elements stated to make a contract valid are all fulfilled. Tom makes a written offer to Susan to which she gives her acceptance. The consideration of $100,000 and legal intent as well as the capacity of parties makes the contract legally valid one. Conclusion Herein, the contract entered between Tom and Susan is a valid agreement as both parties legal intentions were clear and mutual consent was assured through the signature of both. Therefore, Tom approach to pay Susan only $100,000 is valid. 2.Issue Steve legal obligation to buy car from Jason Rules Offer and invitation to offer infers two different implications and thus should not be considered equal. Though, an offer is a personal expression on showing its willingness to another party to do or not to do anything. Offer is a proposal, which is definite, complete and certain in all cases (McKendrick, 2014). Offer requires being communicated to another person and legally binding on parties. While Invitation to offer (treat) is an act to invite the other party to make a proposal. It is prior to an offer. In the event of invitation to offer, there is no negotiation of terms of the contract or a clear expression to make an offer. Applicability of rule Herein, this case Steve act was to induce Jason to make an invitation to offer with intent to negotiate and create a contract. But nonetheless, Steve does not make any offer to make it legally binding on him to accept Jason car. Conclusion Therefore, in this respective case, Jason does not have any right to make Steve legally bound to buy his modified car as he makes an invitation to offer rather than offer that make it fundamentally not legally binding on Steve to make the purchase. 3.Issue In this case, the issue is to identify whether Harry holds defence to Carl negligence act. Rule According to Civil Liability Act in case of any loss due to negligence act on another as stated in act of Perre v Apand Pty Limited (1999) the following conditions shall be applied: The duty of Care: the defendant has a responsibility towards the plaintiff recognized by law. The famous case of Donoghue v Stevenson formed the modern law of negligence which lays its foundation on duty of care and fault principles. There an existence of legally recognized responsibility of obligation or duty (Schwartz Rowe, 2010). Breach of Duty: the defendant who intentionally exposes the plaintiff to the considerable risk of loss, breaches the duty. Intention and/or Malice: furthermore establishing conditions of intent or malice which applies in the event of gross negligence. Causation: Accordingly the result of negligent act or omission it is important that injury is led by negligence. As in case of Volenti non-fit injuria is which is a legal doctrine that states if someone willingly involves into a required position acknowledging that it could lead to harm will not be able to claim against the defendant (Kritchevsky, 2010). Injury: Though there is a breach of duty, plaintiff may yet not recover unless it has proven defendants breach instigated a pecuniary injury. Damage: It is a monetary value of the harm done to the plaintiff. Applicability of rule Herein this case Carl has conducted a breach of duty and duty of care leading to health injury and damage to Harry. Carl having no primary knowledge to cook sashimi could have avoided the misconduct resulting in health illness to Harry. There was an act of negligence on part of Carl. Conclusion Though Carl has to lead to the negligence conduct but nevertheless as per Volenti non fit injuria doctrine of law Harry could have evaded the negligent conduct made by Carl as he knew Carl had no knowledge to cook sashimi 4.Issue Rights of Betty as per Australian Consumer Law Rule According to the ACL, all usual rights are applicable when anyone shops with an Australian online business (Ramsay, 2012). In case of any misleading conduct on the part of the online site, the consumer has the right to repair, replace or refund, compensation for damage and loss and warranties. It is important that online website competes on fairgrounds on basis of price and quality. Applicability of rule Betty has the right under ACL to claim for damages against the Apple online website which serves information which is misleading serving product products with the false specification. Conclusion Here in this case, Betty can claim against the online website for her rights as per ACL, as a product so received by Betty is not in tune with the specification so stated by the website. References Chen-Wishart, M. (2012). Contract law. Oxford University Press. Koffman, L., Macdonald, E. (2010).The law of contract. Oxford University Press. Kritchevsky, B. (2010). Tort Law Is State Law: Why Courts Should Distinguish State and Federal Law in Negligence-Per-Se Litigation. Am. UL Rev., 60, 71. McKendrick, E. (2014). Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Ramsay, I. (2012).Consumer law and policy: Text and materials on regulating consumer markets. Bloomsbury Publishing. Schwartz, V. E., Rowe, E. F. (2010). Comparative negligence. LexisNexis.

Managerial Economics Essay Example

Managerial Economics Essay Managerial Economics Exam at EMBA program at Cotrugli Business School Belgrade Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic Date: January 2013 Managerial Economics Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic CONTENT SECTION A: Question 1 Provide a specific example of a poor decision that cost your company money. Identify the key decision-maker, and explain what happened. Did that person have the right incentives? Did they have sufficient knowledge? Explain how an improvement in incentives mechanisms and/or knowledge systems could prevent similar mistakes being made in future. SECTION B: Question 4 In response to the global financial crisis central banks across the world have cut interest rates. Why? What are the main arguments against rate cuts? SECTION C: Question 5 Many economic commentators believe that the dollar is weak at the moment. Why is this? What are the key drivers of foreign exchange markets? What do you think will happen to the dollar in future? /8 Managerial Economics Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic SECTION A: Question 1 Provide a specific example of a poor decision that cost your company money. Identify the key decision-maker, and explain what happened. Did that person have the right incentives? Did they have sufficient knowledge? Explain how an improvement in incentives mechanisms and/or knowledge systems could prevent similar mistakes being made in future. For almost twelve years I have been working for internatio nal pharmaceutical companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Economics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Economics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Economics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During this period of time with different companies’ philosophies, I have been able to realize that most of business or business related projects, which have been generated and led from regional offices or headquarters, without market specific modifications and inputs were usually, at least, more expensive. Sometimes, it can lead to project failure or project poor results. Local apples or a foreign strawberry does not matter, if result will come, if business opportunities will be recognised, if strategy will be improved and revenue/profit will grow. Although, nice apple and strawberry salad should be able to satisfy both taste and flavour or result and cost. Decision by our Regional manager (RM) has been made to engage consulting agency from Hungary to lead the project of Profiling, Segmenting and Targeting (PST) physicians and pharmacies in Adriatic Region, which includes Bosnia and Herzegovina. Main purpose of project was to determinate clients who will be segmented, related to current strategy, and targeted based on their potential and their adaption stage. Pareto principle (after Vilfredo Pareto, Italian scientists, 1848-1923), which states that 80% of our revenue/profit comes from 20% of our clients, was undisputed project goal for recognition. We have intended to cover 90% of total universe of doctors and pharmacies in country, and to profile them based on their potential and loyalty. In the project, further analysis included also our internal capacity, internal sales results (national and in territories) and market segments value and volume shares (national and in bricks). 00 90 80 70 80/20 RULE SALES 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 20% CLIENTS 80% RESULTS CLIENTS 3/8 Managerial Economics Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic In preparation stage we have alarmed RM that in BH IMS data (traditional market data in pharmaceutical industry) does not exist with recommendation and suggestion that local agency should be engaged for project execution, what would give us an opportunity to hire the agent based on references (advers e selection) and to monitor further actions. Also, local agencies are operating with valuable market data on daily basis. So, our intention was to decentralise project, but RM insisted on Hungarian agency for entire region. Result project realisation lasted for five months, instead of three, with additional costs for market data from different sources and additional costs of Hungarian agency for analytics and deliverables. Finally, we had to engage local agency for additional consultancies in project. Project itself was finished with costs 25% higher than in the bid, and 56% higher than the local agency’s offer for entire project. Project also included additional work of sales persons with additional, locally adopted, incentive mechanism for motivation. Conclusion RM made the decision although his knowledge about market specifics was not sufficient. Right incentive was questionable, as well. Project described that project costs are unpredictable in case of centralized project with lack of information. This case shows that project decentralisation, with right incentive program for local agency, and adequate (in this case – local) KPI (key performance indicators) would decrease costs in both terms – money and time. 4/8 Managerial Economics Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic SECTION B: Question 4 In response to the global financial crisis central banks across the world have cut interest rates. Why? What are the main arguments against rate cuts? Central Bank look after monetary policy through manages money supply. In theory central bank is using three main tools of monetary policies. First is that central bank has power to create interest rate for lending money to commercial banks, second is to define reserve requirement on bank’s deposit and third is market operations through purchasing or selling assets. With regard to mentioned activities, central bank is able to monitor credit potential of commercial banks in country, to manage financial stability and liquidity in country, to oversee operations of the banking system in country and to be the fiscal agent of government (take care of servicing foreign and domestic obligations). In a time of global crisis and threatened economy growth (decline in economic activity, investment, rising unemployment and general illiquidity), central bank with its instruments of regulation and stimulation of cash flow in country has an obligation and responsibility to influence the policy of commercial banks. The main goal of creating monetary policy of central bank in the current financial crisis is to increase the mass of money in circulation in commercial banks that will serve to increase their loan potential. By increasing the money supply, central bank indirectly intends to generate more investment to the industry as well as to the consumers, what allows faster economical growth and stabilizes liquidity in country. As mentioned, one of significant stimulative monetary policy instrument used by central bank is interest rate policy. Due to decline in economic activity and consequently reduction in investment and consumption, commercial banks are showing more prominent caution in extending credits, what leads to high quantity of money in commercial banks, and less money in circulation. Commercial banks are increasing the mass of deposits held at central bank, which could be higher than the deposit obligation (prescribed by legal regulations). On such deposited funds, commercial banks get a certain interest rate. To indirectly increase the economic growth, central bank is reducing its benchmark interest rate on funds deposited, and stimulating banks to release higher level of money in circulation through loans. Through mentioned activities commercial banks should realize higher interests through earns from the basis of the referral interest rate. In addition to the benchmark interest rate, central bank can influence determination of interbank interest rate. Central bank can lend money to commercial banks, as well. This means that central bank can indirectly affect change in interbank interest rate. Namely, the interest rate at which the central bank lends money to commercial bank is discount rate. Lower central bank discount rate indirectly affects decrease of prime rate. 5/8 Managerial Economics Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic Low discount rate increases the interest of commercial banks to borrow money from central bank, what affects the increasing level of money in circulation and, on the other side, lowers its price (cheaper money) for crediting the economy, population, etc. This means that it will generate lower nominal interest rate to consumer and investment loans. With these activities, mainly with focus on short-term interest rate, central bank is indirectly influencing money supply with intention to boost economy growth and investments, decreasing unemployment and increasing government public works. Most powerful central banks in the world firstly began to apply this type of monetary stimulus. In the second half of 2008 the Fed and the Bank of England began to decrease interest rates dramatically, and these banks ended 2012 with rates of 0. 00% (Fed) and 0. 50% (Bank Engl. ). This type of monetary stimulus was accompanied by many other central banks of the world. However, simulative monetary policy pursued by the central bank through interest rates, as a monetary instrument, if not controlled, can cause negative effects. If there is an increased amount of money in circulation, and on the other hand there is no economic progress, growth in production of goods and services, prices will begin to rise, and lead to significant inflationary disorders. If this stagnation further lead to the lack of major investment in new technology and projects, the entire economy, or the economy of country will become ineffective. Manufacture costs (inputs) start to grow, products’ prices and working costs start to increase, and that all contributes to inflation and multiply inflationary growth. Consequently, money depreciates which can lead to a general financial instability. To keep process in control and do any necessary adjustments in monetary policy or to interest rate, central banks’ committees meet plenty of time a year to review the nation’s economy through essential economic targets and the global financial trends. For instance, the FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee), the branch of Fed, meets eight times a year for reviewing process. 6/8 Managerial Economics Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic SECTION C: Question 5 Many economic commentators believe that the dollar is weak at the moment. Why is this? What are the key drivers of foreign exchange markets? What do you think will happen to the dollar in future? I will start with key drivers of foreign exchange markets. First of all, it is important to emphasize main factors which determinate the foreign exchange markets country’s economic and political situation and Forex market philosophy. Economic situation is assessed with real GDP (nominal GDP adjusted with inflation rate), labor market (unemployment rate, incomes), purchasing power and consumer price index, human potential (described through HDI – human development index / index is conglomerate of human education, expectation, incomes , foreign trade exchange (trade balance report relations between export and import / directly influence GDP level ), index of industrial production, retail sales (measure the sales of retail goods over a time period), public finance policy (fiscal policy, direct and indirect taxis), value of foreign debt and country credit potential. Political stability or instability can generally cre ate positive or negative impacts on economic situation and developments. Stabile government, with vision and responsible activities can influence in stronger investments from abroad or by domestic investors. Elections can be reason for fiscal policy changes, or influence the demands and costs of a certain currency. Marketplace philosophy is simple Foreign currency market is driven by demand and supply! However, some drivers are constantly presented like: Central Banks’ activities- explained in section B Crude oil price some currencies are oil dependant (US, Japan), and if oil price decreases, the import value will decrease what will have a positive impact on countries currency value and its strengths. Price of gold – for currencies of countries which are leaders in gold production and trade, for countries that have gold as a standard for monetary exchange. Additionaly, as current key drivers of foreign exchange markets, I would recognize: Greece situation and threats in Spain, Italy, Portugal Arabic political instability and its implications Further development of BRIC markets 7/8 Managerial Economics Prepared by: Enor Cerimagic The intentional weakening of dollar was logical direction for rescuing the U. S. economy. It was direction for healing serious impairments, like: recession, debt crisis (mostly mortgages / which reduced the amount of money in circulation), rising unemployment and increasing government expenditure on social and health care programs. That is why dollar is cheap, for almost two years. The Fed’s monetary policy has significantly increased the amount of money by reducing the interest rate, which was a sure way to weaken the dollar. Main reasons for weakening dollar were: Decline in general economic activity, especially in the most important branches of the economy real sector – manufacturing, especially car and construction industry, with the highest number of employees, Fear of worsening investor mortgage crisis which has hit most commercial banks and America, A more vulnerable population standard, High state deficit, mostly due to the growing needs of social funds, Ineffective fiscal policy tax incentives from the Bush era (rates of tax benefits were not progressive, ie, dependent on the amount of annual income) and so on. The effects of a falling dollar have affected the growth of U. S. exports due to decrease of prices of US goods on world markets, and the launch of additional production capacities, which resulted in a reduction in unemployment rate from 10% to 7. 8% (December, 2012). However, the weakening dollar has caused the falling confidence in the stability of the U. S. currency on the world market. The U. S. olitical scene is currently looking â€Å"promising†, as well, due to positive trend of monetary and fiscal changes. Support came through â€Å"fiscal package† (adopted in January 2013. ) which, certainly, helped to avoid the â€Å"fiscal cliff†, for the time being. Whether these measures will require some new monetary stimulus package to strengthen the dollar and, what is more important for world stock markets, restore confidence in the U. S. currency, it remains to be seen. There is an ABBA song â€Å"Money, money, money must be funny in the rich men’s world†, and we are speaking about US which hold almost 25% of world economy, its currency which is the most famous Money, which â€Å"believe in God†, which determinate measures for suitcases productions etc. Yes, I believe in dollar, as well! Predictions of the world’s stock exchanges and markets are that the dollar will appreciate, over the next 3, 6 and 9 months primarily in relation to the Euro, Japanese Yen and Chinese Yuan. Why? Primarily because the U. S. conomy is showing significant level of vitality. The economy growth rate in 2012 was 2. 5%. Number of employees increased, so the unemployment rate dropped from 10% at the beginning of 2012 to 7. 8% in December. Furthermore, the U. S. Congress has done and additional move to reduce the deficit. The newly adopted fiscal stimulus package (Jan. 2013 taxing Americans with annual income over $ 400,000) will reduce the defic it. According to analysts, USA will ensure the level economic growth and stability of the dollar, trough these fiscal measures, for the next few months. The Fed entered into a program of new monetary measures timeless-unlimited purchases of long-term government bonds or repurchase banks active assets. With these measures, the Fed â€Å"relaxed† conditions on financial markets and enables banks to invest with less cautions at low rates. Measures should expand investment and consumption and result should be further economic growth, reduction of unemployment, rise of confidence and strengthening of dollar. 8/8

Appalachian Folk Culture Essays

Appalachian Folk Culture Essays Appalachian Folk Culture Paper Appalachian Folk Culture Paper Essay Topic: 9th Grade Appalachian Folk Culture: Health Care Differences and Disparities The concept of culture is all the characteristics a person has such as language, beliefs, values, behaviors and norms.   It is the objects we hold dear and pass from one generation to the next.   It is every aspect of who and what we are. When we are born we have no knowledge of whom or what we are.   We have no language, no values, no religion, and no morality.   We lack the fundamental orientations that we take for granted and are very important to who we are. These are all learned traits that we usually share within the core group of our family.   It is through the learning of our culture that we understand and give meaning to everything around us and if someone challenges us on our beliefs it usually upsets the individual that has been challenged. This cultural make-up is what defines each person as individual.   We use our culture to sometimes judge others and sometimes this can be negative or this can be positive. As health practitioners must keep in mind that when dealing with others cultures you must remember the framework of that culture and view it from that framework.   Being raised in a different culture gives individuals a different perspective of normal than what most Americans believe. The Appalachian region has several diseases that affect them.   Cancer will be the focus of this paper even though it is all of the conditions combined that have affected the Appalachian culture and to some degree have banded them together as a whole.   In this region health care and disease prevention has been a hot topic for sometime and has been overlooked by the nation. Frustration among this population only reinforces their distrust of health care professionals as well as governmental aid.   Reforming how health care is delivered is now needed to help with bringing this region up to the standards the majority of the nation already has for health care. Demographics: The entire region of the Appalachian covers from southern New York State to the northern part of Mississippi and covers over 13 states.   There is a high percentage of poverty, low income higher than average high school drop out rate, infant mortality rate and a steady migration moving out of the region. Because of the terrain being very hilly basic community infrastructure is difficult and costly.   Per capita income in 1993 for the region was just a little over $15,000 with the poverty in the region, when compared to the nation, shows that 4 out of 10 countries with the highest rates are located within this region. It isn’t uncommon for counties in the region to show unemployment rates of 11 to 15%.   Mining jobs in West Virginia, just in recent times have been eliminated and have placed a great strain in this region.   86% of the counties in the region have been given the distinction of being areas where shortages of health care professional are present and inadequate with insurance coverage. This is shown with higher than the national average, for example, heart disease at 19%, lung disease at 22% and the death rate at 12%.   Education statistics in this region shows that 12% of the adult population only has an education up to the 9th grade and according to The Appalachian Regional Commission this is three times the national average. Another interesting disparity that should be noted is the education since this affects health and how health care is handled.   For example in the Ohio region of the Appalachian spending on students in the region by Ohio in 1991 was only $2,822 per student, while the average for the whole state was $4390. Living conditions are also noted while looking at the health care disparities in the region. Statistics show that more than 15% of homes are substandard when compared to the nation (http://census.gov http://healthypeople.gov) . How Appalachian culture is viewed has great bearing on how health care is approached in this region.   Certain myths and stereotyping of these people probably had a direct cause as to how this culture views health care and the system.   Many see this culture as different, than what it really is.   And many haven’t even heard of the plight in this region in the United States. â€Å"Today’s mainstream media still routinely depicts â€Å"hillbillies† as ignorant, lazy, close-minded and violent rubes, given to â€Å"feuding and fussing† when not handling snakes, brewing moonshine, or fathering children with their cousins† (Noe, 2002, p.1). Kenneth W. Noe a professor at Auburn University wrote that class consciousness seemed to propel this culture into a â€Å"tradition of resistance† (Noe, 2002, p.3).   The region and its people had become exploited causing a general disillusionment for business and government.   In today’s terms business and government is the health care system. So that belief alone would definitely hamper how individuals in this region use and get health care.   In their culture distrust of both is passed down in family beliefs and it seems to be a very difficult cycle to break or change. Many health care practitioners find that it is difficult to overcome the social class barriers that have been built up against this culture.   â€Å"Ohmans, Garrett, and Treichel (1996) recognize that social class can be a significant barrier, particularly for new immigrants whose social status or class distinction may have radically been altered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huff Kline, 1999, p.16). This social class is best described in terms of the conflict theory, or how upper classes used their power and privilege to exploit those below them. Through generations of belief and the general neglect of this region and culture this behavior is seen as a problem for health practitioners in this area.   The Appalachian culture has a basic mistrust of physicians and of modern health care practices.

History of the Artificial Heart

History of the Artificial Heart The first artificial heart for humans was invented and patented in the 1950s, but it wasnt until 1982 that a working artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, was successfully implanted in a human patient.   Early Milestones As with many medical innovations, the first artificial heart was implanted in an animal in this case, a dog. Soviet scientist Vladimir Demikhov, a pioneer in the field of organ transplantation, implanted an artificial heart into a dog in 1937. (It wasnt Demikhovs most famous work, however - today he is mostly remembered for performing head transplants on dogs.) Interestingly, the first patented artificial heart was invented by American Paul Winchell, whose primary occupation was as a ventriloquist and comedian. Winchell also had some medical training and was assisted in his endeavor by Henry Heimlich, who is remembered for the emergency choking treatment that bears his name. His creation was never actually put into use. The Liotta-Cooley artificial heart was implanted into a patient in 1969 as a stopgap measure; it was replaced with a donors heart a few days later, but the patient died soon thereafter.   The Jarvik 7   The Jarvik-7 heart was developed by American scientist Robert Jarvik and his mentor, Willem Kolff.   In 1982, Seattle dentist Dr. Barney Clark was the first person implanted with the Jarvik-7, the first artificial heart intended to last a lifetime. William DeVries, an American cardiothoracic surgeon, performed the surgery. The patient survived 112 days. It has been hard, but the heart itself has pumped right along, Clark said in the months following his history-making surgery. Subsequent iterations of the artificial heart have seen further success; the second patient to receive the Jarvik-7, for instance, lived for 620 days after implantation. People want a normal life, and just being alive is not good enough, Jarvik has said.   Despite these advances, less than two thousand artificial hearts have been implanted, and the procedure is generally used as a bridge until a donor heart can be secured. Today, the most common artificial heart is the SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart, accounting for 96% of all artificial heart transplants. And it doesnt come cheap, with a price tag of around $125,000.

The Banatao Brothers Build Boards for the Green Wave Assignment

The Banatao Brothers Build Boards for the Green Wave - Assignment Example 1.2 Cost In USA cost of any entrepreneur to run the shop is at least $400 while average hourly manufacturing cost for Asian competitors is $2.50. Minimum purchase price for polyurethane board in the country is around $300 but Asian competitors can manufacture the same product at five times a cheaper price. 1.3 Stringent Business Environment Domestic surf board entrepreneurs are searching headway to compete against cheap import from Asia but till now there is no sign of relief for them. In 2005, surfboard blanks a domestic manufacturer closed their business due to stringent cost competition from Asian counterparts. Government announced hike in the raw material cost to manufacture due untamable recession started in 2007. Clark Foam was the major supplier of polyurethane blanks for surfboard manufacturers but after recession price of polyurethane blank has increased. In this condition Clark Foam ceased production in the year 2007. After the closure of Clark Foam, small and midsized entr epreneurs do not have any choice but close business due to zero inventory of polyurethane blanks inventory. At that time big players banked on existing polyurethane blanks inventory while the condition was perfect storm for small entrepreneurs like Banatao Brothers due to various reasons like loss of main supplier, low priced import from Asia and slump in bottom line. Domestic sales volume for surf board manufacturers has decreased ten percent in last five years due to low cost import from Asia (Rizzo). 2.0 Support Required for Entrepreneur & Source of Support 2.1 Import Quota According to Professor Hill, import quota can be described as direct restraint on quantity of imported goods. Import quota is directly connected with issuing import license to business organization or individual. For example, Federal Government can create trade barriers for Asian competitors by setting annual import limit for polyurethane blanks and other surf board materials. In this way government can help s mall entrepreneurs from international competition and domestic big players (Hill 205-210). 2.2 Environmentally Friendly Materials Banatao Brothers have planned to manufacture Entropy surfboard with sugar beet foam core that is wrapped in hemp cloth instead of a polyurethane foam core encased in fiberglass. This is a green initiative by them and they need further research on creating bio surfboard. They can take help of various university research scholars having expertise in green technology. Further research on chemical composition of sugar beet foam core might help them to create more diversified product line in future. The company is currently taking help from Bayer Corporation but in future taking help from USA universities will decrease their cost on research & development (Boone, and Kurtz 33). 3.0 Lifestyle Changes and Opportunity 3.1 What Customers Buy Surfing industry is worth of $7 billion and its business pattern is constantly evolving with respect to customer demand. In recent years customers of USA are showing their back to petrochemical based surfing board material due to its poor durability in contrast to